Clonality in invasive alien macrophytes in Kashmir Himalaya: a stage-based approach

While the link between clonality and species invasiveness has recently been recognized, whether how vary with different invasion stages remains open questions. Hence, we tested relationship of Kashmir Himalayan aquatic macrophytes vis-à-vis its variability along invasion. The data on clonality, stage growth form were obtained through an extensive survey literature database like CLO-PLA PLADIAS followed by evaluation clonal organs intensive field surveys undertaken over a period 3 years (2014–2017) in habitats valley. Our results showed that 84% studied almost 90% most invasive (stage Vsensu Colautti MacIsaac: Divers Distrib 10(2):135–141, 2004) are clonal. A highly significant positive correlation was observed, which further substantiates this association at broad geographical scale representing whole region. distinction forms (rhizomes, runners turions) affirm strong nexus invasions. Future studies directed unraveling reasons behind need to be from genomic perspective, order develop better means for proper management alien species.